China's power industry development and analysis
Electronic power supply, including power and chemical physics, this article introduces the electronic power supply. E-Power is a utility power grid or to transform and control electrical energy to various electric power load of the power supply to provide quality equipment, and AC - AC conversion, DC-DC conversion, AC-DC conversion, DC-AC conversion. E-power scope to see how great is that different industry, this is not discussed in this article focuses on small and medium-sized power supply equipment. In order to facilitate the description, hereinafter referred to as power. Due to the extensive application of power products, power market statistics more difficult. Some foreign countries use the power device output power production projections. Sales in China's power device products, as well as a considerable part of power imports from abroad, but also a lot of sales channels, so the domestic market, the statistical power is even more difficult, the information provided in this article is for reference only.
China's power industry history
The size of China's power industry can be divided into three laptop battery stages of development, according to statistics of the original electronics industry data and information, you can sketch out the broad outline of the development.
The first stage is 1976, is China's power industry in the early stages of development.
The liberation of the past, China's power industry is basically a blank, only the battery, dry battery of small businesses. The 50's with the construction of a large number of state-owned enterprises, with the electronics industry of raw materials, components and machine industries, power supply products from scratch. Plant in 1959 there are five specifications of a school production of more than 1600 Taiwan Power. To 1976, after 17 years of development, has grown to 26 plants, 34 species, 52 specifications, power more than 33,000 Taiwan. Production growth of 8.7 times, 10.4 times the growth of different specifications, 20.2-fold increase in production. The first stage from scratch, although the relatively high growth, power or small-scale industries.
The second stage is the 1977-1989 year, the Chinese power industry during the initial expansion.
This stage is the initial stage of China's reform and opening up, step by step to speed up economic construction, power industry and gradually entered a period of rapid growth. Power production in 1989 has grown to 171, more than 340 kinds product specifications, annual output of more than 540,000 Taiwan power. The number of manufacturing enterprises increased 6.6 times in 1976, Variety 10-fold increase, 16.4 percent of output growth.
At this stage, step-by-step with the power industry developed rapidly, the majority of scientists and technicians of much-needed power to break the closed state of the original to understand the outside world. Since the mid-70s, power organizations of their own scientific and technological personnel and technological exchanges, in 1978 the country held its first exchange of power technology, was established in 1983 Power Institute of China, in 1986 received the approval of the State Science Commission.
The third stage is so far in 1990, is China's largest power industry development.
This stage, with the exception of the original electronic systems industry, other industries and systems, such as machinery, post and telecommunications, railway, electric power, military power supply systems are the development and production, in particular, town and township enterprises and a large number of private enterprises, there are thousands of almost all over the country, there has been a group of over a hundred million yuan, or over 10 billion power company. In the past 10 years, and a large number of foreign products and domestic companies to enter and occupy a considerable share of market competition intensified pb991a battery, hp business notebook nc4200 battery. This part of the situation, followed by a detailed analysis.
Above the scale of China's power industry development, supply technology can be broadly divided into the following phases.
50's is the power of creation and imitation whole period, mainly the Soviet Union like the tube DC power, AC power and the magnetic saturation like the United States, like Europe to enlarge the electronic or magnetic AC regulated power supply, and the progressive realization of the domestic production. Power during this period the volume of large, multi-energy, low efficiency, the technological level equivalent to the international 30-50 age level.
With the thyristor, transistor technology and product development, tube DC power, AC power magnetic saturation is gradually phased out, thyristor power supply, power transistors, magnetic enlarge AC power supply has been the rapid development of power markets accounted for dominance. Such as the 1976 Taiwan produced more than 33,000 power supply, DC power tube, only two specifications of more than 800 units, respectively, accounted for DC power supply 4.1% of varieties, specifications of the 5.6% yield of 4%.
Full control power devices promote the emergence of great power technology development. GTO will enable megawatt-class inverters simplify power supply design can be used to replace the need to force the thyristor converter, the power is still widely used. The emergence of power MOSFET, constitute a high-frequency power electronics technology, switching frequency up to more than 100kHZ and parallel high current output. IGBT is a MOS input, the output of the composite bipolar type power device, the working frequency and GTR considerable, and its high-voltage fixed.
With the emergence of new power devices, pulse-width modulation (PWM) circuit, a wide range of zero-voltage zero-current transformation circuit topology has been widely used. Power products of more small-scale, integrated, intelligent, efficient and reliable .
China's Power Industry Development
This section analysis of the past 10 years China's power industry. Decades, both the power supply technology, the size or industry, have developed to an unprecedented stage, become a community's concern about the industry.
First, the Chinese power industry the driving force
Power is the electricity power plant equipment is based on the electronics industry products. Economic construction and social development of all aspects of life will be to promote the development of power industry, in particular the following areas is an important role in promoting.
1, the development of information industry
China's information industry over the past decade to three times the rate of other industries developed rapidly, "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, China's investment in the electronics industry over the past five years rose from 2.2% to 5.4%, with a total investment reached 429.3 billion yuan, than in the past five years, an increase of nearly 12 times the power has therefore become a powerful driving force for industrial development.
Mobile communications over the past few years become the hot spots, for example, ten years :1987-1997 development of 10 million, a year in 1998 on the development of 10 million, in 1999 the development of nearly 20 million, an increase of 100 %. Direct the development of the computer industry led the computer switching power supply and the development and application of UPS; the telecommunications industry led to the development of communication and related high-frequency switching power supplies power the development of communication only with high-frequency switching power supply for more than 3.0 billion annually, 1999, only matching the power of mobile communication on the 1.5 billion. In recent years the great development of various information networks, such as the Internet, communication networks, broadcasting networks, financial information network, and even the railways, civil aviation ticketing network has also developed, to be known as the Internet age. The normal operation of a variety of network, there must be a reliable power system for the protection. If at 11 o'clock on April 24 , 1997, Hong Kong's largest banks HSBC and Hang Seng UPS equipment due to malfunction, leading to the central computer hp business notebook nc4400 battery, hp business notebook tc4200 battery, hp business notebook tc4400 battery system halted, the two banks more than 800 automatic teller machines down for two hours, the two banks of telephone banking Services to be suspended, the two banks could not operate the computer counter. Network economic development, further promote the development of power markets.
2, the transformation of traditional industries
After more than 20 years of the national economy's rapid development, many traditional industries to transform the system, replacement, a large number of advanced electronic technologies and equipment to be used, not only the quality of power supply a higher demand, but also the miniaturization of power products, intelligent, efficient and reliable, unattended and so on, supporting some of the old power products do not meet the requirements, and gradually be eliminated. For example: state investment in recent years, several hundred billion dollars to the transformation of power grids, some of the old power to operate the thyristor power supply to the new switches have been gradually replaced by power; full speed railway to electrification, the state also voted heavily for the transformation of the railway system, railway communications, signal systems to support a large number of power products; communications systems supporting the original phased power, gradually being replaced by high-frequency switching power supply, in recent years, the number of annual updates of several hundred million dollars.
3, energy
With the economic development and progress of science and technology, energy conservation, environmental protection has been valued by the community. Power is an important part of energy conservation, through power electronics and power technology to deal with after the supply of electricity, energy-saving effect. For example, household appliances standby loss, people often do not attach importance to, the power consumption is appalling. According to US statistics, such a loss in the United States 35-54 billion dollars a year, the German environmental protection agency in Germany, this loss of 2.3 billion US dollars each year, more than the sum of electricity throughout the year in Berlin. The introduction of a new energy-saving chips, you can put the 5-10W standby loss down to 1-2W, or even 0.1-0.5W. Is a small electronic ballast products, not only a lot of units in the Mainland of China research, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and even some foreign institutions in research, because of its broad range of applications, once a good product, you have a lot of energy effects and economic benefits. Frequency is widely used in recent years has developed very rapidly inverter air conditioner, inverter air conditioner can not only create a comfortable living environment, saving up to 30%. Saving electricity, reducing non-renewable primary energy (such as coal, oil) consumption, and reduction of air pollution. Miniaturization of power products can also save a lot of copper, iron and other raw materials. Therefore, the power electronics and power technology development is an important national symbol of technological progress. Some experts have predicted: the well-being will be the future of mankind through the energy of electronic technology to achieve a breakthrough.
Second, the size of China's power industry
1, the extent of China's power market
(1), switching power supply
Switching Power Supply is the largest applications in the communications industry, first of all, analysis of communication power.
The cause of the rapid development of communications over the past decade, communications power is also simultaneously increased. Domestic communication power in 1991 amounted to 080 million yuan investment by 1995 to 10 billion in 1998 to 30 billion, in 1999 the capacity of the National Communication Power Supply Market for more than 3.5 billion. From 1991 to 1999, growth in communications 43 times more power.
Domestic communication power of the main customer base are: China Telecom, Mobile, China Unicom, Radio, Film and Television, the network (including the electricity network, railway networks, military networks, net oil, etc.). After several years of program -controlled switch market has stabilized after the development of mobile communications has become a development hot spot. Mobile in 1999 about 2 million new users, the new mobile base stations about 20,000, matching the power of about 1.5 billion; fixed phased power transformation in 1998 , 1999,2000 in the peak year in 1999, the capacity of some 6 - 800 million yuan; new exchange network supporting transmission power of about 5-7 million; the rapid rise of China Unicom in 1999 added capacity of about 4 million new mobile base stations 4, 1000, matching the power of about 3-5 billion. Besides radio and television, as well as the newly established Network of Netcom also occupied the communication power of a certain share of the investment market. Is expected in 2000 with the communication power supply market is basically similar to 1999, mobile base station supporting the market will become the focus of power.
Throughout the switching power supply market in China how much? First of all, analysis of situation in the United States, the United States in 2001 is expected to AC-DC switching power supply 4.86 billion US dollars, DC-DC switching power supply 1.4 billion US dollars, a total of 6.26 billion US dollars, of which communications switching power supply a total of 2.198 billion US dollars, accounting for switching power supply 35% of the total. The application of China's telecommunications switching power supply of 3.5 billion yuan more than the cause of China's early stage of development communication, communication, power supply switching power supply in the proportion of the total may be larger than the United States a1078 battery, a1148 battery, apple powerbook g415 inch battery, it is estimated that 50 percent according to the country over the total amount of switching power supply 7000000000 or more, which does not include a variety of electrical products and power electronic devices inside.
(2) uninterruptible power supply (UPS)
China's UPS market is much, There are different theories. Ministry of Information Industry of Computer and Microelectronics Industry Development Research Center (CCID) and Statistics of the UPS market in 1999 was 1.68 billion yuan. According to China Electronics News reported in 1998, 1996, sales of UPS 41 million units, 26 billion yuan in 1997 sales of 620,000 units, sales of more than three billion yuan in 1998, sales of UPS about 90 million units, sales of approximately 3.5 billion. If the 1.68 billion yuan, the number is too small. UPS a lot of sales channels, there are only dozens of foreign brands may be incomplete statistics. If more than 3.5 billion, according to inadequate. It is estimated that 20-25 billion is possible.
According to CCID 1999 sales of 1.68 billion yuan UPS statistics, UPS market (sales) regional distribution is: 20.34% in North China, East China 24.25%, 18.05% in southern China, southwest of 11.96%, 10.02% in central China, 8.62 percent in Northeast, Northwest 6.76%; by sector are: 34.05% financial, telecommunications, 29.45 percent, 6.25 percent Government, Post and Telecommunications 5.82%, 4.28% family, tax 3.50%, education 2.36%, other 14.29%.
(3) Other Power Supply
Described above, only switching power supply and UPS, there are many types of power, such as variable frequency power supply, power supply electrolytic plating, welding power induction heating power supply, rechargeable power supply, neon power supply and lighting, aerospace and military power and so on. These supply a large variety of widely distributed, there is no accurate statistical data, analysis and forecasting can be.
To sum up, only the switching power supply and the UPS market size of about 100 billion yuan, together with other power supply, according to conservative estimates, the market size of e-power to have more than 15 billion yuan. Power industry is another big field of chemical physics power, 100 National larger battery manufacturers to statistics, about 10 billion yuan output value. According to China's Power Industry Association of Chemical Physics, the national battery manufacturers around 2000, the National Power of Chemical Physics, about 15 billion yuan . Electronic power supply and chemical physics together, about 300 billion yuan annually, which is China's power market.
2, the number of China's power enterprises
The number of power companies in China? Everyone said do not know. Published last year, "Encyclopedia of Chinese power enterprises," the national power production and sales record of more than 5,000 companies, it is difficult to say whether or not accurate. Power Institute of China in recent months built up a list of some companies, this directory include: members of the Institution of the Chinese power units, the last two years to participate in the exhibition of the power units, the most recent year published in the newspaper advertisements of the units are more accurate, there are more than 1,100, including electronic power production, sale and major parts. It is estimated that more than 1,100 enterprises that the National e-power ratio of the total number of enterprises less than 50%, meaning that the national production of electronic power supply and the main parts sales have more than 2000. Sponsored by the China Power Supply Society or editor-in-chief of "Power Technology" and "world power" two publications, and accessories for the whole power of the circulation enterprises are more than 3000. According to China's Power Industry Association of Chemical Physics, the National Power of Chemical Physics, 2000 enterprises have around. If we say that China's power enterprises, or more than 5,000 well-founded. China's power enterprises are mainly distributed in three regions, first, the Pearl River Delta, primarily in Shenzhen, Dongguan, Guangzhou, Zhuhai, Foshan and other places. Second, the Yangtze River Delta, mainly in Shanghai a1175 battery, apple macbook pro15 battery, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hangzhou and Wenzhou area. Third, Beijing and surrounding areas. Wuhan, Xi'an, Chengdu and other places also have a certain distribution.
